Impact of hospitalization on nutritional status in persons aged 65 years and over (NUTRIFRAG Study): Protocol for a prospective observational study.

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is a recurring problem that has become more relevant in recent years. The aim of this study is to assess the risk of malnutrition and nutritional status on admission and its evolution until discharge in patients aged 65 and over admitted to medical and surgical hospitalization units in hospitals of the Spanish National Health System. METHODS: Prospective observational study to be carried out in the medical-surgical hospitalization units of 9 public hospitals between 01/09/2022 and 31/12/2024. Using consecutive sampling, a total of 4077 patients will be included (453 in each hospital). Variables included are related to the care process, functionality, cognition and comorbidity, risk profile, nutritional status and dysphagia; as well as frailty, dietary quality and contextual variables. The incidence of risk of malnutrition, undernutrition and dysphagia during the care process and at discharge will be calculated. The association with risk factors will be studied with logistic regression models and multivariate Cox regression models. In addition, an analysis of participants' satisfaction with food services will be carried out. The study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee on 30/09/2020, approved for funding on 02/12/2021 and with registration number RBR-5jnbyhk in the Brazilian clinical trials database (ReBEC) for observational studies. DISCUSSION: Some studies address nutritional status or dysphagia in older people in various care settings. However, there is a lack of large sample studies including both processes of the impact of hospitalization. The results of the project will provide information on the incidence and prevalence of both pathologies in the study subjects, their associated factors and their relationship with the average length of stay, mortality and early readmission. In addition, early detection of a problem such as malnutrition related to the disease and/or dysphagia during a hospital stay will favor the action of professionals to resolve both pathologies and improve the health status of patients.

Perspectiva bioética de la adecuación del esfuerzo terapéutico en pacientes adultos terminales. Revisión sistemática / Bioethical perspective of the limitation of therapeutic effort in adult terminal patients. Systematic review

Introducción: Ante la capacidad de mantenimiento de las funciones vitales de forma artificial, surgen nuevas preocupaciones éticas en los profesionales sanitarios en relación con la muerte. Se cuestiona desde la ética si el equipo asistencial debe hacer siempre todo lo necesario y posible para impedir la muerte de un paciente. Objetivo: Analizar los aspectos bioéticos de la limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico en pacientes en el final de la vida, fomentar la reflexión y contribuir a mejorar los cuidados en el final de la vida. Método: Se realizó una revisión narrativa e integradora de la literatura científica mediante la búsqueda de publicaciones en metabuscadores y bases de datos de PubMed, SciELO y la revista de Nursing Ethics. Se identificaron 6.325 estudios publicados a partir de 2018 y se incluyeron un total de 9 artículos. Resultados/Discusión: Se describen las dificultades que presentan los profesionales en relación a la toma de decisiones en el final de la vida, la necesidad de mejorar la formación en ética y en aspectos relacionados con pacientes que se encuentran en sus últimos días, los cuidados paliativos y la limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico. Solo una minoría de los estudios están enfocados en enfermería. Conclusiones: Las decisiones del profesional están influenciadas por valores, emociones, creencias y experiencias, que unidas a la dificultad que existe en ocasiones para establecer un diagnóstico clínico certero, dificulta las decisiones de limitación de esfuerzo terapéutico. Se hace necesario mejorar la formación en ética y conocimiento de los procesos de final de la vida por parte de los profesionales. (AU)

Introduction: Faced with the ability to maintenance vital functions artificially, new ethical concerns arise among health professionals regarding death. It is been questioned from ethics if the care team should always do everything necessary and possible to prevent the death of a patient. Objective: to analyze the bioethical aspects of limiting therapeutic effort in end-of-life patients, encourage reflection and contribute to improving end-of-life care. Method: a narrative and integrative review of the scientific literature was performed by searching for publications in meta-search engines and databases of PubMed, SciELO and the journal of Nursing Ethics. A total of 6,325 studies published since 2018 were identified and a total of 9 articles were included. Results/Discussion: Issues presented by professionals regarding making-decisions at the end of life, the need to improve training in ethics and aspects related to patients in their last days, palliative care and the limitation of therapeutic effort are described. Only a minority of studies are focused on nursing. Conclusions: professional's decisions are influenced by values, emotions, beliefs and experiences, which, together with the difficulty that sometimes exists to establish an accurate clinical diagnosis, makes it difficult to limit therapeutic effort. It is therefore necessary to improve training in ethics and knowledge about end-of-life processes from professionals. (AU)

Identification of Transcriptional Networks Involved in De Novo Organ Formation in Tomato Hypocotyl Explants.

Some of the hormone crosstalk and transcription factors (TFs) involved in wound-induced organ regeneration have been extensively studied in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. In previous work, we established Solanum lycopersicum "Micro-Tom" explants without the addition of exogenous hormones as a model to investigate wound-induced de novo organ formation. The current working model indicates that cell reprogramming and founder cell activation requires spatial and temporal regulation of auxin-to-cytokinin (CK) gradients in the apical and basal regions of the hypocotyl combined with extensive metabolic reprogramming of some cells in the apical region. In this work, we extended our transcriptomic analysis to identify some of the gene regulatory networks involved in wound-induced organ regeneration in tomato. Our results highlight a functional conservation of key TF modules whose function is conserved during de novo organ formation in plants, which will serve as a valuable resource for future studies.

Miedo a la COVID-19, características sociodemográficas y de vulnerabilidad en adultos del Norte y Sur de México / Fear of COVID-19, socio-demographic and vulnerability characteristics in adults from the North and South of Mexico

Introducción: La pandemia de COVID 19, continúa siendo un problema de salud pública sin precedentes en todo el mundo tanto en las personas enfermas y sanas. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre el miedo al COVID-19 con las características sociodemográficas y el estado de vulnerabilidad. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y correlacional. Muestra: 197 participantes a partir de 18 años pertenecientes a centros de atención comunitaria de Monterrey, Nuevo León y Minatitlán, Veracruz. Muestreo intencional. Instrumento: Escala de Miedo a la COVID-19. El análisis de los datos se realizó con el SPSS versión 22, recurriendo al empleo de estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: El miedo a la COVID-19 se asoció con el sexo, mas no con el estado de vulnerabilidad y las otras variables sociodemográficas como la edad, escolaridad, situación laboral y lugar de residencia. Conclusión: Con base al propósito del estudio se encontró que únicamente el sexo se asocia con el miedo a la COVID-19. Mas hombres que mujeres reportaron tener menos miedo, lo que puede explicar las principales prevalencias de esta enfermedad en este grupo poblacional. (AU)

Introduction: The COVID 19 pandemic continues to be an unprecedented public health problem worldwide for both sick and healthy people. Objective: Determine the association between the fear of COVID-19 with the socio-demographic characteristics and the status of vulnerability. Material and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study. Sample: 197 participants 18 or older who belong to community-care centers in Monterrey, Nuevo León and Minatitlan, Veracruz. Intentional sampling. Instrument used: Fear of COVID-19 scale. Data assessment was performed with SPSS version 22, using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Fear of COVID-19 was associated with the person’s sex, but not with the status of vulnerability and the other socio-demographic variables such as age, schooling, employment status, and place of residence. Conclusion: Based on the purpose of the study, it was found that only the sex variable was associated with fear of COVID-19. More men than women reported having less fear, which may explain the higher prevalence of this disease in this population group. (AU)

Dynamic Hormone Gradients Regulate Wound-Induced de novo Organ Formation in Tomato Hypocotyl Explants.

Plants have a remarkable regenerative capacity, which allows them to survive tissue damage after biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we use Solanum lycopersicum 'Micro-Tom' explants as a model to investigate wound-induced de novo organ formation, as these explants can regenerate the missing structures without the exogenous application of plant hormones. Here, we performed simultaneous targeted profiling of 22 phytohormone-related metabolites during de novo organ formation and found that endogenous hormone levels dynamically changed after root and shoot excision, according to region-specific patterns. Our results indicate that a defined temporal window of high auxin-to-cytokinin accumulation in the basal region of the explants was required for adventitious root formation and that was dependent on a concerted regulation of polar auxin transport through the hypocotyl, of local induction of auxin biosynthesis, and of local inhibition of auxin degradation. In the apical region, though, a minimum of auxin-to-cytokinin ratio is established shortly after wounding both by decreasing active auxin levels and by draining auxin via its basipetal transport and internalization. Cross-validation with transcriptomic data highlighted the main hormonal gradients involved in wound-induced de novo organ formation in tomato hypocotyl explants.

Tissue-Specific Metabolic Reprogramming during Wound-Induced Organ Formation in Tomato Hypocotyl Explants.

Plants have remarkable regenerative capacity, which allows them to survive tissue damage after exposure to biotic and abiotic stresses. Some of the key transcription factors and hormone crosstalk mechanisms involved in wound-induced organ regeneration have been extensively studied in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. However, little is known about the role of metabolism in wound-induced organ formation. Here, we performed detailed transcriptome analysis and used a targeted metabolomics approach to study de novo organ formation in tomato hypocotyl explants and found tissue-specific metabolic differences and divergent developmental pathways. Our results indicate that successful regeneration in the apical region of the hypocotyl depends on a specific metabolic switch involving the upregulation of photorespiratory pathway components and the differential regulation of photosynthesis-related gene expression and gluconeogenesis pathway activation. These findings provide a useful resource for further investigation of the molecular mechanisms involved in wound-induced organ formation in crop species such as tomato.

An auxin-mediated regulatory framework for wound-induced adventitious root formation in tomato shoot explants.

Adventitious roots (ARs) are produced from non-root tissues in response to different environmental signals, such as abiotic stresses, or after wounding, in a complex developmental process that requires hormonal crosstalk. Here, we characterized AR formation in young seedlings of Solanum lycopersicum cv. 'Micro-Tom' after whole root excision by means of physiological, genetic and molecular approaches. We found that a regulated basipetal auxin transport from the shoot and local auxin biosynthesis triggered by wounding are both required for the re-establishment of internal auxin gradients within the vasculature. This promotes cell proliferation at the distal cambium near the wound in well-defined positions of the basal hypocotyl and during a narrow developmental window. In addition, a pre-established pattern of differential auxin responses along the apical-basal axis of the hypocotyl and an as of yet unknown cell-autonomous inhibitory pathway contribute to the temporal and spatial patterning of the newly formed ARs on isolated hypocotyl explants. Our work provides an experimental outline for the dissection of wound-induced AR formation in tomato, a species that is suitable for molecular identification of gene regulatory networks via forward and reverse genetics approaches.

Adicción a la comida y estado nutricional en adolescentes de una preparatoria pública en México / Food addiction and nutritional status in adolescents of a public high school in Mexico

OBJETIVOS: Conocer la prevalencia de la adicción a la comida de acuerdo a la edad, sexo e índice de masa corporal, y determinar la asociación entre la adicción a la comida y el estado nutricional en adolescentes del norte de México. MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo correlacional de corte transversal, realizado durante agosto y septiembre de 2018. La población se conformó por 630 adolescentes estudiantes de 15 a 17 años de edad, de una preparatoria pública en Nuevo León, México, a los que se les realizaron mediciones antropométricas y se empleó el cuestionario Yale Food Addiction Scale. RESULTADOS: Una muestra de 245 adolescentes, predominando el sexo femenino (53,1%), con una edad media de 15,83 años, la media de índice de masa corporal fue de 23,18 kg/mt2 (S = 3,74) en hombres y 24,57 kg/mt2 (S = 4,00) en mujeres. El 87,8% de los adolescentes presentó positivo el criterio "deseo frustrado de parar el consumo", el 36,3% la tolerancia, y el 34,3% el consumo a pesar de las consecuencias. El 20,7% de los adolescentes con sobrepeso presentan adicción a la comida. CONCLUSIONES: La mayoría de los adolescentes presentan peso normal, las mujeres presentaron un índice de masa corporal mayor que el de los hombres, menos de la mitad de los participantes presenta adicción a la comida predominando los criterios positivos en mujeres, adolescentes en condición de sobrepeso, obesidad y de mayor edad. No se encontró asociación entre adicción a la comida y estado nutricional

OBJECTIVE: To know the prevalence of food addiction according to age, sex, and body mass index and to determine the association between food addiction and nutritional status in adolescents from northern México. METHOD: Cross-sectional study with a descriptive and correlational design, carried out during August and September 2018; the study population was comprised by 630 adolescents, students, ranging from 15 to 17 years of age, from a public high school in Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Anthropometric measurements were taken and the Yale Food Addiction Scale questionnaire was used. RESULTS: A sample of 245 adolescents predominantly female (53.1%), with a mean age of 15.83 years; mean body mass index was 23.18 kg/mt2 (S = 3.74) in males and 24.57 kg/mt2 (S = 4.00) in females; 87.8% of adolescents showed positive to the frustrated desire to stop consumption criterion, 36.3% tolerance, and 34.3% consumption despite the consequences; 20.7% of overweight adolescents showed food addiction. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of adolescents showed normal weight, while women showed a body mass index (BMI) higher than men; less than half of the participants had food addiction; positive criteria prevailed in women, and adolescents with overweight and obesity, and older. No association was found between food addiction and nutritional status

Percepción de riesgo cardiovascular y uso de tecnologías en salud en adultos con obesidad / Perception of cardiovascular risk and use of technologies in health in adults with obesity

En este articulo se determinó la relación entre la Percepción del riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular con el Nivel de uso de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC's), así como el efecto explicativo del nivel de uso de las TIC's y antecedentes para enfermedad cardiovascular en la Percepción del riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular en adultos con obesidad. Este estudio es pertinente dado que la relación entre las variables propuestas, así como la relación de las TIC's y otras variables sobre la percepción de riesgo de enfermedad cardiaca y cerebral aún no es del todo clara. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-analítico realizado en una muestra de 260 adultos con obesidad. Se usaron los cuestionarios Percepción del Riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular y Uso de TICS en pacientes atendidos en un centro de salud, se respetaron las normas éticas y se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Se encontró relación entre la Percepción del riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular y el uso de las TIC's (rs =0,142, p=0,022). El Nivel de uso de TICS y antecedentes personales/familiares para el desarrollo de enfermedad cardiovascular fue un 14,3% en la percepción del riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular. Se concluyó que la percepción del riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular se relaciona con el Nivel de uso de Tecnologías de la información y comunicación en salud y es explicada en parte por el Nivel de uso de tecnologías de la información y comunicación y antecedentes de salud

Objective: this paper determined the relationship between the perception of risk of a cardiovascular disease with the level of use of Information and Communication Technology or ICT, as well as the explanatory effect of these ICTs and the history of cardiovascular disease in the perception of risk of cardiovascular disease in adults with obesity. Methods: this study is relevant since the relationship between the proposed variables, and the relationship of the ICTs and other variables about the risk perception of heart and brain disease is not very clear yet. An analytical-descriptive research was made on a sample of 260 obese adults. Questionnaires of risk perception of a cardiovascular disease and use of ICT in patients who receive care in a health center were used; ethical standards were observed and descriptive statistics and statistical inference were applied. Results: a relationship between risk perception of a cardiovascular disease and the use of ICTs was found (rs=0,142, p=0,022). The level of use of ICTs and personal/family history of disease for the development of a cardiovascular disease explain a 14,3% in the perception of risk of the disease. Conclusions: it was concluded that the perception of risk of cardiovascular disease was related to the level of use of Information and Communication Technologies regarding health, and it is partially explained by the level of use of the ICTs and health history

A Network-Guided Genetic Approach to Identify Novel Regulators of Adventitious Root Formation in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Adventitious roots (ARs) are formed de novo during post-embryonic development from non-root tissues, in processes that are highly dependent on environmental inputs. Whole root excision from young seedlings has been previously used as a model to study adventitious root formation in Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyls. To identify novel regulators of adventitious root formation, we analyzed adventitious rooting in the hypocotyl after whole root excision in 112 T-DNA homozygous leaf mutants, which were selected based on the dynamic expression profiles of their annotated genes during hormone-induced and wound-induced tissue regeneration. Forty-seven T-DNA homozygous lines that displayed low rooting capacity as regards their wild-type background were dubbed as the less adventitious roots (lars) mutants. We identified eight lines with higher rooting capacity than their wild-type background that we named as the more adventitious roots (mars) mutants. A relatively large number of mutants in ribosomal protein-encoding genes displayed a significant reduction in adventitious root number in the hypocotyl after whole root excision. In addition, gene products related to gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and signaling, auxin homeostasis, and xylem differentiation were confirmed to participate in adventitious root formation. Nearly all the studied mutants tested displayed similar rooting responses from excised whole leaves, which suggest that their affected genes participate in shared regulatory pathways required for de novo organ formation in different organs.

Seven methods to determine the dimensionality of tests: application to the General Self-Efficacy Scale in twenty-six countries / Siete métodos para evaluar la dimensionalidad de los test: aplicación a la General Self-Efficacy Scale en veintiséis países

BACKGROUND: One of the most important concepts within Cognitive Social Theory as framed by Bandura is the perceived self-efficacy; this concept became widespread in 1981 when Mathias Jerusalem and Ralf Schwarzer, using 10 items, established a one-dimensional and universal construct of this scale. The main purpose of this study is to show that the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) is not a one-dimensional and universal construct, as is currently assumed. METHOD: The data from 19,719 people from 26 countries were analyzed. In order to identify and understand invariance we applied seven multivariate statistical techniques. RESULTS: The findings suggest the existence of a multidimensional structure and differential item functioning by country. Insofar as there is differential item functioning by country and it is not possible to universalize it, and there are several items on the scale that statistically constitute additional factors. The results confirm that the self-efficacy construct is neither universal nor unidimensional. CONCLUSIONS: A psychometric instrument must be valued and used with great care; the one in question is being used in a generalized way

ANTECEDENTES: uno de los conceptos más importantes en la Teoría Social Cognitiva desarrollada por Bandura es la auto-eficacia percibida. Este concepto ha sido generalizado en 1981 por Mathias Jerusalem and Ralf Schwarzer con una escala de 10 ítems, quienes establecieron que esta escala es un constructo unidimensional y universal. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es demostrar que la Escala General de Autoeficacia (GSE) no es un constructo unidimensional ni universal, como actualmente se asume. MÉTODO: los datos analizados corresponden a 19.719 personas de 26 países. Con el fin de identificar y entender la invariancia hemos utilizado siete técnicas estadísticas multivariantes. RESULTADOS: los hallazgos sugieren la existencia de una estructura multidimensional y un funcionamiento diferencial por país. En la medida que haya funcionamiento diferencial por país, no es posible universalizar el constructo. También existen varios ítems de la escala que constituyen factores adicionales. El resultado confirma que el constructo auto-eficacia no es universal ni unidimensional. CONCLUSIONES: un instrumento psicométrico debe ser evaluado y usado con extremo cuidado, la escala GSE analizada está siendo utilizada de manera general

A comprehensive phylogeny of auxin homeostasis genes involved in adventitious root formation in carnation stem cuttings.

Understanding the functional basis of auxin homeostasis requires knowledge about auxin biosynthesis, auxin transport and auxin catabolism genes, which is not always directly available despite the recent whole-genome sequencing of many plant species. Through sequence homology searches and phylogenetic analyses on a selection of 11 plant species with high-quality genome annotation, we identified the putative gene homologs involved in auxin biosynthesis, auxin catabolism and auxin transport pathways in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). To deepen our knowledge of the regulatory events underlying auxin-mediated adventitious root formation in carnation stem cuttings, we used RNA-sequencing data to confirm the expression profiles of some auxin homeostasis genes during the rooting of two carnation cultivars with different rooting behaviors. We also confirmed the presence of several auxin-related metabolites in the stem cutting tissues. Our findings offer a comprehensive overview of auxin homeostasis genes in carnation and provide a solid foundation for further experiments investigating the role of auxin homeostasis in the regulation of adventitious root formation in carnation.

Enhanced Conjugation of Auxin by GH3 Enzymes Leads to Poor Adventitious Rooting in Carnation Stem Cuttings.

Commercial carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) cultivars are vegetatively propagated from axillary stem cuttings through adventitious rooting; a process which is affected by complex interactions between nutrient and hormone levels and is strongly genotype-dependent. To deepen our understanding of the regulatory events controlling this process, we performed a comparative study of adventitious root (AR) formation in two carnation cultivars with contrasting rooting performance, "2101-02 MFR" and "2003 R 8", as well as in the reference cultivar "Master". We provided molecular evidence that localized auxin response in the stem cutting base was required for efficient adventitious rooting in this species, which was dynamically established by polar auxin transport from the leaves. In turn, the bad-rooting behavior of the "2003 R 8" cultivar was correlated with enhanced synthesis of indole-3-acetic acid conjugated to aspartic acid by GH3 proteins in the stem cutting base. Treatment of stem cuttings with a competitive inhibitor of GH3 enzyme activity significantly improved rooting of "2003 R 8". Our results allowed us to propose a working model where endogenous auxin homeostasis regulated by GH3 proteins accounts for the cultivar dependency of AR formation in carnation stem cuttings.

Identification of novel stress-responsive biomarkers from gene expression datasets in tomato roots.

Abiotic stresses such as heat, drought or salinity have been widely studied individually. Nevertheless, in the nature and in the field, plants and crops are commonly exposed to a different combination of stresses, which often result in a synergistic response mediated by the activation of several molecular pathways that cannot be inferred from the response to each individual stress. By screening microarray data obtained from different plant species and under different stresses, we identified several conserved stress-responsive genes whose expression was differentially regulated in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) roots in response to one or several stresses. We validated 10 of these genes as reliable biomarkers whose expression levels are related to different signalling pathways involved in adaptive stress responses. In addition, the genes identified in this work could be used as general salt-stress biomarkers to rapidly evaluate the response of salt-tolerant cultivars and wild species for which sufficient genetic information is not yet available.

Gene expression profiling during adventitious root formation in carnation stem cuttings.

BACKGROUND: Adventitious root (AR) formation is a critical step in vegetative propagation of most ornamental plants, such as carnation. AR formation from stem cuttings is usually divided into several stages according to physiological and metabolic markers. Auxin is often applied exogenously to promote the development of ARs on stem cuttings of difficult-to-root genotypes. RESULTS: By whole transcriptome sequencing, we identified the genes involved in AR formation in carnation cuttings and in response to exogenous auxin. Their expression profiles have been analysed through RNA-Seq during a time-course experiment in the stem cutting base of two cultivars with contrasting efficiencies of AR formation. We explored the kinetics of root primordia formation in these two cultivars and in response to exogenously-applied auxin through detailed histological and physiological analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide, for the first time, a number of molecular, histological and physiological markers that characterize the different stages of AR formation in this species and that could be used to monitor adventitious rooting on a wide collection of carnation germplasm with the aim to identify the best-rooting cultivars for breeding purposes.

Arabidopsis INCURVATA2 Regulates Salicylic Acid and Abscisic Acid Signaling, and Oxidative Stress Responses.

Epigenetic regulatory states can persist through mitosis and meiosis, but the connection between chromatin structure and DNA replication remains unclear. Arabidopsis INCURVATA2 (ICU2) encodes the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase α, and null alleles of ICU2 have an embryo-lethal phenotype. Analysis of icu2-1, a hypomorphic allele of ICU2, demonstrated that ICU2 functions in chromatin-mediated cellular memory; icu2-1 strongly impairs ICU2 function in the maintenance of repressive epigenetic marks but does not seem to affect ICU2 polymerase activity. To better understand the global function of ICU2 in epigenetic regulation, here we performed a microarray analysis of icu2-1 mutant plants. We found that the genes up-regulated in the icu2-1 mutant included genes encoding transcription factors and targets of the Polycomb Repressive Complexes. The down-regulated genes included many known players in salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis and accumulation, ABA signaling and ABA-mediated responses. In addition, we found that icu2-1 plants had reduced SA levels in normal conditions; infection by Fusarium oxysporum induced SA accumulation in the En-2 wild type but not in the icu2-1 mutant. The icu2-1 plants were also hypersensitive to salt stress and exogenous ABA in seedling establishment, post-germination growth and stomatal closure, and accumulated more ABA than the wild type in response to salt stress. The icu2-1 mutant also showed high tolerance to the oxidative stress produced by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT). Our results uncover a role for ICU2 in the regulation of genes involved in ABA signaling as well as in SA biosynthesis and accumulation.

Arabidopsis MAS2, an Essential Gene That Encodes a Homolog of Animal NF-κ B Activating Protein, Is Involved in 45S Ribosomal DNA Silencing.

Ribosome biogenesis requires stoichiometric amounts of ribosomal proteins and rRNAs. Synthesis of rRNAs consumes most of the transcriptional activity of eukaryotic cells, but its regulation remains largely unclear in plants. We conducted a screen for ethyl methanesulfonate-induced suppressors of Arabidopsis thaliana ago1-52, a hypomorphic allele of AGO1 (ARGONAUTE1), a key gene in microRNA pathways. We identified nine extragenic suppressors as alleles of MAS2 (MORPHOLOGY OF AGO1-52 SUPPRESSED2). Positional cloning showed that MAS2 encodes the putative ortholog of NKAP (NF-κ B activating protein), a conserved eukaryotic protein involved in transcriptional repression and splicing in animals. The mas2 point mutations behave as informational suppressors of ago1 alleles that cause missplicing. MAS2 is a single-copy gene whose insertional alleles are embryonic lethal. In yeast two-hybrid assays, MAS2 interacted with splicing and ribosome biogenesis proteins, and fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that MAS2 colocalizes with the 45S rDNA at the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs). The artificial microRNA amiR-MAS2 partially repressed MAS2 and caused hypomethylation of 45S rDNA promoters as well as partial NOR decondensation, indicating that MAS2 negatively regulates 45S rDNA expression. Our results thus reveal a key player in the regulation of rRNA synthesis in plants.

Valoración del nivel de conocimientos y su adecuación en materia de RCP en el personal sanitario de los servicios de urgencias hospitalarios de la Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia / Assessment of the knowledge level and its relevance in terms of CPR in medical personnel of the hospital emergency medical system of the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia

Objetivo: La Reanimación Cardiopulmonar (RCP) es uno de los procedimientos de los equipos de asistencia hospitalaria más importantes que se realizan en los servicios de urgencias. Existe un consenso internacional sobre RCP, actualizándose cada 5 años, recomendándose la actualización de conocimientos cada 2 años para los profesionales. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer cuál es el nivel de conocimientos en RCP de los profesionales sanitarios, si estos profesionales están correctamente actualizados y constatar si la realización de cursos en el tiempo recomendado mejora el nivel de conocimientos. Método: Realizamos una encuesta con 20 preguntas basada en los cuestionarios para valoración de conocimientos en RCP de la American Heart Association (AHA) y de la Sociedad Española de Medicina y Cuidados Intensivos (SEMICYUC). Resultados: Obtuvimos como resultado que la totalidad de los encuestados no sigue los estándares internacionales de realización de cursos de actualización de conocimientos. El 64,7 % se actualizó después del 2010 y 10,1% nunca se actualizó. El 30% de los médicos, el 90% de los residentes y el 7% de los enfermeros, no superaban el umbral mínimo de formación establecido por la AHA en servicios de urgencias hospitalarias (un curso cada dos años). Se corrobora que a mayor realización de cursos mejor nivel de conocimientos. Conclusiones: Resulta evidente la necesidad de cambios en la metodología de aprendizaje de los cursos impartidos en materia de RCP para profesionales. Destacamos que el personal sanitario sí esta concienciado de la necesidad de formación en esta materia (AU)

Objective. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is one of the most important hospital care team procedures to be administered by emergency medical services. There is a consensus as to cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations, which are regularly updated every five years. International recommendations advise health professionals to update their knowledge every two years. The objective of this paper is to discover health professionals’ levels of knowledge as regards CPR, whether they are appropriately updated and to confirm whether the training courses on CPR performed improve health personnel’s knowledge levels. Method. A 20-question survey based on American Heart Association (AHA) and Spanish Society of Medicine and Intensive Care (SEMICYUC) recommendations was carried out. Results. Evidence-based results strongly suggest that participants do not follow the international standards as regards training in CPR. Sixty four point seven percent of the participants attend at least one CPR course after 2010, but 10.1% never took a refresher course. Thirty percent of the faculties, 90% of the medical residents and 7% of the nursing staff did not obtain the training required by the AHA in hospital emergency services (one course every two years). Our results show that the higher number of courses received, the higher is the level of knowledge regarding CPR that health staff obtain. Conclusions: There is a need for new approaches as regards the learning methodology used in CPR courses. Our results show that healthcare staff are aware of the need to acquire knowledge on CPR via regular training (AU)

La red social del adolescente: la influencia de la amistad en el desarrollo de hábitos obesogénicos / The social network of adolescents: The influence of friendship in the development of obesogenic habits

El presente artículo pretende justificar la relevancia de las relaciones sociales en el entorno del adolescente obeso. La motivación por este enfoque surgió debido al vacío que se ha encontrado en estudios que expliquen si los adolescentes comen mejor o peor y/o realizan más o menos ejercicio físico dependiendo de su red de amigos. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica centrada en la obesidad y el análisis de las redes sociales de los jóvenes a través de la Biblioteca de la Universidad de León, en diferentes bases de datos tales como Web of Knowledge (WOK), Scielo, Scopus, entre otras. Se obtuvieron artículos y otros documentos de interés utilizando revistas pertenecientes a las disciplinas de la Sociología y de las Ciencias de la Salud. Tras realizar la lectura de los textos más relevantes se pudo obtener los siguientes resultados: (1) las relaciones influyen en los hábitos de los adolescentes, (2) la calidad y la cantidad de comida puede depender del tipo de red que le rodea, y (3) el nivel de ejercicio físico que tiene un individuo se puede ver influenciado por sus mejores amigos, por el grupo en general que le rodea e incluso por los amigos de sus amigos. De todo ello se deriva, que el estudio de la red social del individuo puede ser una herramienta útil a la hora de visualizar los patrones de comportamiento, y por tanto, aplicable a los programas de salud y salud pública contribuyendo, de esta forma, a la sostenibilidad del sistema (AU)

This aim of this article is to demonstrate the importance of social networks in the obese adolescent's environment. This study emerged in response to the paucity of information encountered in the literature as regards whether adolescents eat better or worse and/or performs more or less physical exercise depending on their friendship networks. We performed literature search at the University of León library which focused on obesity and an analysis of young people's social networks, exploring databases such as the Web of Knowledge (WOK), SciELO and Scopus, among others. Articles and other documents of interest were identified using journals from the disciplines of Sociology and the Health Sciences. After the most relevant texts had been read in full, the following results were obtained: (1) relationships influence adolescents' habits, (2) the quality and quantity of food they consume can depend on the type of network to which they belong, and (3) the amount of physical exercise that adolescents do can be influenced by their best friends, by the wider group to which they belong and even by friends of friends. The foregoing suggests that the study of adolescents' social networks could be a useful tool for identifying behaviour patterns; it is therefore applicable to health and public health programmes and would contribute to the sustainability of the system (AU)

Analysis of health professional security behaviors in a real clinical setting: an empirical study.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to evaluate the security behavior of healthcare professionals in a real clinical setting. METHOD: Standards, guidelines and recommendations on security and privacy best practices for staff personnel were identified using a systematic literature review. After a revision process, a questionnaire consisting of 27 questions was created and responded to by 180 health professionals from a public hospital. RESULTS: Weak passwords were reported by 62.2% of the respondents, 31.7% were unaware of the organization's procedures for discarding confidential information, and 19.4% did not carry out these procedures. Half of the respondents (51.7%) did not take measures to ensure that the personal health information on the computer monitor could not be seen by unauthorized individuals, and 57.8% were unaware of the procedure established to report a security violation. The correlation between the number of years in the position and good security practices was not significant (Pearson's r=0.085, P=0.254). Age was weakly correlated with good security practices (Pearson's r=-0.169, P=0.028). A Mann-Whitney test showed no significant difference between the respondents' security behavior as regards gender (U=2536, P=0.792, n=178). The results of the study suggest that more efforts are required to improve security education for health personnel. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that both preventive and corrective actions are needed to prevent health staff from causing security incidents. Healthcare organizations should: identify the types of information that require protection, clearly communicate the penalties that will be imposed, promote security training courses, and define what the organization considers improper behavior to be and communicate this to all personnel.